The four major lobes are the frontal, parietal, occipital and temporal lobes. The major sulci and gyri mark the divisions of the cerebrum into the lobes of the brain. In the human brain the majority of the cerebral cortex is not visible from the outside, but buried in the sulci. These surface convolutions appear during fetal development and continue to mature after birth through the process of gyrification. Ī fold or ridge in the cortex is termed a gyrus (plural gyri) and a groove is termed a sulcus (plural sulci). In mammals with small brains there is no folding and the cortex is smooth. Apart from minimising brain and cranial volume, cortical folding is crucial for the brain circuitry and its functional organisation. In most mammals, apart from small mammals that have small brains, the cerebral cortex is folded, providing a greater surface area in the confined volume of the cranium. The cerebral cortex is part of the brain responsible for cognition. It plays a key role in attention, perception, awareness, thought, memory, language, and consciousness. The cerebral cortex is the largest site of neural integration in the central nervous system. The two hemispheres are joined beneath the cortex by the corpus callosum.
It is separated into two cortices, by the longitudinal fissure that divides the cerebrum into the left and right cerebral hemispheres.
The cerebral cortex mostly consists of the six-layered neocortex, with just 10% consisting of allocortex. The cerebral cortex, also known as the cerebral mantle, is the outer layer of neural tissue of the cerebrum of the brain in humans and other mammals.
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